Stomach bug cases are surging in parts of the United States this winter, according to government data.
The latest data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows that 91 norovirus outbreaks were reported the week of Dec. 5, up from 69 in the last week of November.
Data from past years shows that up to 65 outbreaks were reported in the first week of December.
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Norovirus infection is characterized by sudden vomiting and diarrhea. Outbreaks often occur on cruise ships, in congregate living settings such as nursing homes and prisons, as well as in schools and other places where people gather.
Here’s what you need to know about this nasty bacteria:
What is norovirus?
According to the CDC, norovirus is the leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States, causing 58% of such infections in the country each year.
Health experts say norovirus infection is caused by a group of viruses that spread easily and that as few as 10 virus particles have the power to make people sick.
Approximately 2,500 norovirus outbreaks are reported in the United States each year. Outbreaks can occur throughout the year, but are most common from November to April.
In addition to vomiting and diarrhea, common symptoms include nausea, stomach pain, body aches, headaches and fever.
How do you get it?
Most norovirus outbreaks occur when an already infected person spreads the virus to others through direct means, such as sharing food or eating utensils. The disease can also be spread through food, water or contaminated surfaces.
How long have you been sick?
Illness caused by norovirus usually occurs suddenly, with symptoms appearing within 12 to 48 hours after exposure to the virus. Most people get better and make a full recovery within one to three days.
Although 19 to 21 million people in the United States become ill each year, norovirus causes an average of 900 deaths and 109,000 hospitalizations each year, most of them in adults 65 years and older. It also resulted in 465,000 emergency department visits, the majority involving young children.
Who is at risk?
People of all ages can get norovirus and get sick. Young children, the elderly and people with weakened immune systems are most at risk, with dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea being the top concerns.
There is no drug to treat norovirus. It is recommended to stay hydrated through drinking water and other fluids, except coffee, tea and alcohol.
Anyone who is dehydrated should seek medical assistance. Symptoms of dehydration include decreased urination, dry mouth, dry throat, and feeling dizzy when standing. Dehydrated children may be unusually sleepy or irritable and cry with little or no tears.
How can I protect myself?
During the peak winter season, strict and frequent hand washing is the best way to prevent norovirus, washing hands with soap and warm water for 20 seconds before eating.
Scrubbing surfaces with household disinfectant can also help.
