During his high school, in two summer, Noura Ghazoui did not join her classmates on the beach, but on her hometown of Ligurian Coast’s hometown of Borghetto Santo Spirito.
However, when she was trying to apply for a job at the age of 19, she found that she was not qualified, because she could not obtain Italian citizenship, just like thousands of children born in Italy.
“I think Italian, I think Italian, I dream of Italian,” San Ms. Gaguy said in Italian in Ligurian in Ligurian. “But I have not been recognized in my country.”
For generations, European countries mainly use descent to determine citizenship. The United States is an exception to the West, and this is one of the countries that are universal in unconditional.
President Trump’s order seeks the end of the end of children born in the United States without a certificate of immigration. The judge will temporarily block it last week, which will make the United States closer to Italy and other European countries.
However, the increase in the number of immigrants in the United States and Europe has triggered debate on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, that is, whether it is necessary to give citizenship systems in some ways, whether it is regulating or rigid.
Each method knows the Latin language “Jus SANGUIS” or “blood right” and “jus soli” or soil rights critics, and more and more countries are trying to re -balance the two.
Since the 1980s, the United Kingdom and Ireland (and Australia and New Zealand), which still have unconditional citizenship, still have an unconditional citizenship.
However, others like Germany have also left in other ways, making it easier for immigrants to get citizenship. Supporters said that this transformation nodded, the reality of constant changes in a country, where a quarter of people are now from the immigration background.
Maarten Vink, co -director of the Global Citizen Observatory, said: “Citizenship is a political issue.” “When it changes, it reflects the result of political struggle.”
A war in Europe
In Europe, heal citizenship helps to keep in touch with citizens who leave the country and their offspring. However, most European countries also provide some form of birth rights citizenship, although they are usually limited by difficulty.
In Europe, citizenship is sometimes mixed with the dangerous concept of racism and pure race, especially during the colonial period and the Nazi era. At that time, Hitler’s regime deprived of their citizenship before killing them.
Today, it is found on the far right, supporting restrictions on immigration to obtain citizenship and protection border support. However, the extreme right -wing forces of some continents have taken advantage of these arguments, and they say they need to maintain culture and racial identity.
“We must stop migrating,” Jordan Bardella, chairman of France’s Right -Right -Right -Rights National Racing, said earlier this month. “Many French people, including some descendants of immigrants, no longer acknowledge France, and no longer recognize the country they grow up.”
Mr. Bardella’s political party hopes to abolish the children of the foreign countries. As long as the smallest living requirements are met, they can apply for citizenship at the age of 18.
Dimitry Kochenov, a professor of China University, said that although citizenship is usually described as a tool for belonging, it is also a powerful rejection.
Kochanov said: “The country has used citizenship to degrade certain groups.”
Example of Italy
In the past few centuries, a poor Italy has been a country, with millions of citizens immigrate abroad, mainly in the United States to seek a better life. The generous rules of descent citizenship help Italy helps to keep in touch with the diaspora.
Even today, the churches and city halls around Italy are blocked by the Argentine, Brazilians, and Americans. They have the right to require citizenship through distant Italian descent. (Recently, Javier Milei, President of Argentina, has gained Italian citizenship.)
However, in recent decades, Italy has shifted from a land to people, and people have transformed into land that also receives a large number of immigrants. Despite the changes in Italy, their citizen laws did not.
Italy does not grant citizenship with children who have legal status in the country. Immigration children born in Italy can only apply for citizenship only 18 years old. They have a year of application and must prove that they have been living in Italy.
This excludes Ms. Gaguy, and her childhood spent some time in Morocco, where her parents came from. At present, a 34 -year -old employee who provides naval supplies has a Italian husband and a Italian child and applies for citizenship based on the country’s long -lasting residents.
She said: “I am the only person in the House of Representatives that is not an Italian and unremitting it.”
Although the Italian public health system is not distinguished between citizens and non -citizens, children of the second generation of immigrants face many obstacles. About 600,000 children studying in Italian schools. They usually don’t know that there is no nationality except Italy, and their lives are complicated.
Many people cannot travel during European travel, and have to miss the school’s residence permit. They also said that they kept reminding them that they were different from their classmates. Many adults born in Italy are in the same situation.
Sonny Olumati, a 38 -year -old dancer and choreographer, said: “Unstable is the foundation of your life.” You will feel a non -partner. “
Italian leaders support the current law. Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni is a stubborn conservative. The Tashisen source of the Italian party’s brothers is “Italy has a great citizen law.”
Ms. Meloni believes that if immigrants return to her country/she also says that her priority is higher than changing citizenship laws, and it is convenient to compare children’s citizenship with her parents’ citizenship.
Despite the government’s position, the grass -roots association proposed a referee of the whole people. The referendum will reduce the uninterrupted residence period in Italy and need to be Italian citizens from 10 years. The vote will be carried out in spring.
“This law no longer represents the real Italy,” said Alba Lala, 27, a group of groups of New Italy, 27 -year -old secretary. “It’s outdated.”
The right to birth is modern?
Some critics have said a lot of the same words to unconditional citizenship of birth rights.
About 20 % of countries use it, most of them are in North America and South America. The United States and Canada have inherited the law from the United Kingdom, but the identity of citizenship of birth power also played an important role in new independent countries as a way to form a country.
Like those who like blood citizenship, the supporters of birth rights say that this will promote social cohesion, but for different reasons-because no children are excluded.
In the United States, Article 14 Amendment allows men and women in African descent to become citizens, millions of Ireland, and children of German and other European immigrants have also become citizens.
But unconditional citizenship citizenship is still an exception.
Christian Joppke, a professor of sociology at the University of Berney, said: “In a world of large -scale immigrants and irregular immigrants, unconditional iUS SOLI is outdated.”
Nevertheless, some people think that the Trump government does not set out modernization laws, but tries to redefine the country itself.
“This rejected the concept of the United States as an immigrant country,” said Hiroshi Motomura, immigrants and citizen experts at the University of California Law School.
Even according to the current regulations of the United States, citizenship citizenship is not absolute. For example, they exclude children born in the United States. Children born abroad have the right to automatically obtain American citizen-in fact. In fact, they are descent citizens.
Mr. Vink said, “the citizenship of the ancestry is a very good way to connect with people living outside the national border.” “However, if you want to ensure that you are also tolerant within the boundary of a country, then you must also have the right to birth of the territory.”
He said, otherwise, countries will have millions of people who are not citizens.
He said: “This is not a good principle in a democratic country.”
Christopher F. Schuetze The report contributed from Berlin, Aurelien breeden From Paris.
